The Scientific View Of The Driving Force For Social Development
Xu
Mingqing
(
Abstract: This article which is divided into five parts, illuminates the
scientific view of the driving force for social development:(1) The theories of
the motive force for social development before the Construction of the
historical materialism;(2) Marx's theory of the motive force for social
development;(3) Adding for Marx's theory of social development power especially
his thoughts of basic power scientifically;(4) the Construction of the
scientific view of the driving force for social development;(5) Concluding
remarks. This article has outlined the scientific view of the driving force for
social development initially, and has proposed that the contradictory movements
between the needs and the productive forces, the productive forces and the
relations of production, the economic base and the superstructure, to be the
basic power of development of human society.
Key words: the motive force for
social development；basic contradiction；needs；productive forces；the earth homeland；harmony
In general, the
development of human society is a constant from simple to complex, from
elementary to advanced development process. However, what was the power that
made the human history ceaselessly from elementary to advanced development of
social society? What is the power of social development, scientific outlook on
driving force of social development is how to? This paper will discuss the
problem.
One, before the
establishment of historical materialism theory in the force of social
development
The motive force of
social development, social development as the core problem of the theory, is
always a controversial issue. In Marx's historical materialism founded before,
people about the motive force of social development, made a lot of, from say on
the whole, gross and put forward the following opinions: 1, natural driving
force theory. From the nature of looking for the motive force of social
development, the driving force of social development is attributed to a natural
necessity. In 2, the theological determinism. The supernatural powers, such as
God and God's will as decide the world of all things ( including social ) have
the decisive power in the development of the absolute spirit, Hagel is a
special kind of mysterious power. 3, human nature and reason of power theory.
Starting from human nature reveals the motive force of social development, that
the human spirit is the ultimate decisive force of social development. For
example, Voltaire, Vico, Kant, Comte, Feuerbach et al 's point of view.
These views, in
general can be divided into two categories: one is from the social development
outside looking for the motive power for social progress, such as the natural
power of theological determinism. Another is from the society for social
development, such as motive power of human nature and reason. Regardless of the
type of theory, are often easy to fall into the final from the mental factor to
find the final motive force of the social development tendency. Marx's theory
of social development on the whole is mainly from the social search for
internal development category, but other theories and factions have a
fundamental difference.
In fact, society is a
form of complex organisms, the motive power for social progress should start
from society to find, so only from the society for social development finally
the dynamic approach is fundamentally wrong; all kinds of humanist attempts
from the society itself to find the ultimate development of society power
direction is desirable, however, only to reveal hidden in the " historical
motivation behind " in order to reveal the real reason of historical
development.
In two, Marx's social
development theory
( a ) Marx's social
development power theory of the main content
Marx, Engels draws on
the power of social development history of outstanding achievements, combining
with the historical condition and the practice of the new changes, from all
kinds of social development direct motive force factors, through in-depth
analysis of the immanent and inevitable connection between them, found hidden
in the " historical driving force behind ", which reveals the
inherent objective of social development rule, so that the dynamic view of
social development based on scientific materialism foundation, founded the
epoch-making historical materialism, scientific solution to the motive force of
social development.
Generally, Marx's
social development power theory mainly includes the following several aspects:
1, the human society is a living organism, human society is in production as
the basis for the various elements of the organic connection and mutual
restrict, the development of social history shows the social elements of the
interaction between. 2, productivity and relations of production, economic base
and superstructure is the contradiction between the basic social contradiction,
is the basic power that human society expands.
( two) the
fundamental driving force of social development theory of Marx
Marx's social
development power theory of gravity is the basic power that human society
expands problem, the theory points out, the fundamental driving force of social
development lies in the movement of basic social contradictions, between
productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure
dialectical contradiction between motion constitutes the social change and
social development deep roots. Productivity is the ultimate decisive force of
social development, it is rooted in people's survival and development, it must
always move forward, this leads to relations of production to change
ceaselessly, superstructure and social ideology is constantly changing, and
then reverse effects on productivity, thereby promoting social from elementary
to advanced development.
The basic
contradiction of the society is the fundamental driving force of social
development view is Marx materialist conception of history is the core content,
some scholars believe that, based on it, in order to fully reveal the people as
the main body to create historical Duality ( initiative and passivity ); based
on it, Marx's social progress theory can be established on a solid materialism
on the basis of. In short, the fundamental driving force of social development
theory and system is discussed, so that Marx's materialist conception of
history and social development theory finally established in a more scientific
basis.
In three, Marx for
the driving force of social development theory
Especially the
fundamental motive force thought science supplement
Marx's social
development theory is correct undoubtedly, it captures the essence of things,
science reveals the fundamental law of social development. But I think, Marx
and later the motive force of social development theory in particular is the
fundamental motive force thought, for example about productivity and relations
of production, economic base and superstructure of the social basic
contradiction etc. are somewhat vague, should further differentiation of more
specific.
Its reason has the
following. ( a ) Marx from the actual course of historical development this
paper analyzes the influence of social development are five important factors:
material production, spirit production, human production, mode of production
and human needs, social operation outline outline. He made by comparing the
surface specific five factors further down, which is concentrated on more
abstract, and among which the intrinsic inevitability of productivity,
relations of production, the superstructure of the three factors, thus
presenting or tend to present production forces and production relations,
economic basis and superstructure between the contradictory movement is the
fundamental driving force of social development.
This practice is basic and reasonable, but
the ultimate goal of social development, in the final analysis is to satisfy a
society that is the subject of human survival and development needs, the
microcosmic domain specific human needs as a motivation is internalized in the
macroscopic field abstract social productivity, logically is practicable, but
in fact, easy to make people ignore social development as the fundamental
purpose, namely to meet human survival and development needs, not can from go
up at all the prominent person 's main body status in the society impression.
Some western social philosophy scholars wrong criticism of Marx's theory of
social development, it ignores the people as a social subject role, have
economic determinism or technological determinism tendency, easy to produce
these misunderstandings which is the reason why. In fact, Marx's theory of
social development is always in stressed human in society's status and role of
subjectivity.
( two) Marx's social
development power theory, some scholars think, the fundamental driving force of
social development is productivity and relations of production, economic base
and superstructure of the contradiction of social development, specific or
direct power is the person's need, science and technology and class struggle.
From this representation can be considered, both should have intrinsic causal
relations, logical sequence on the. But in fact, this representation is a
problem, let us take a look at.
The need that stems
from a general biological needs, including survival and development needs, in
the long-term evolution of life and the human continuous transformation, using
the natural and social environment of the socialization of labor practice
gradually formed and developed. Human needs as general biological needs that
can be directly in the natural environment conditions are met, but in the
natural social transformation social production can be satisfied, it led to the
emergence and development of social productivity, social productivity
development and the needs of the people continue to be met and improved, both
and mutual actuator, spiral rise, or wave-like, promote the continuous development
of productive forces, and promote all-round social progress. In the process of
social development, to accelerate the development of stimulative productivity,
better meet the needs of the people ( sometimes comparatively often more
conducive to one part person ), and develops gradually from labor division and
exchange a variety of social production forms of communication, including for
example later and modern appearance of hunter-gatherers and fishing production
of plant breeding, production, farming animal husbandry production, handicraft
production, machine big industry production, Multi-National Corporation and the
world factory, partnership and Listed Companies, transport, wholesale,
transmission of information, finance, leasing and business service, scientific
research and production service industry, retail, residential dining, real
estate, sports and entertainment, residents service life ( consumption ) of the
service industry, health, education, water and public management organizations
such as public service, as well as architectural, cultural and creative
emerging service industry and other industry or industry arisen with
development, still have the original production cooperation, slavery
production, manor house ownership and tenancy system, employment system
production production the independent, cooperative production, barter,
currency, the fair trade, lease, mortgage transfer code when High interest bank
loans, bank credit, deposit, investment and financing, trust and insurance,
funds, stocks and bonds trading of securities and Futures and options trading,
regional and world free trade and other economic activities form. Then the
generation and development of corresponding social production, economic
relations, formed a certain economic basis, establish the social political,
legal, cultural, moral, religious, philosophical, ideological and the ideology
to adapt to the political and legal system, facilities and organizations such
as the corresponding superstructure. In view of this, people need not because
of productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure
the contradiction between sports are fundamental causes of its emergence and
development, on the contrary, it is people's survival and development needs and
social productive interactions between, can lead to productive forces and
production relations, economic basis and the superstructure of the
contradiction. Man's need is social productivity and the development of
intrinsic motivation, and the level of development of social productive forces
and fundamentally decides and restricts the person's need, both of which have
promoted each other contradictory relationship. Productivity is the ultimate
decisive force of social development, it is rooted in people's survival and
development, the contradiction between the two movements have impelled
productivity and social continuous development, and promote the production
relations and superstructure of the development and change of. The latter, it
can be counterproductive to the former, stimulate formation of circulation or
super cycle social operation mechanism and mode of development.
Therefore, it is not
difficult to see that, the social basic contradiction movement as the
fundamental driving force of social development, it is necessary to put the
needs and the contradiction between the added productivity.
According to some
scholars say, science and technology and social development as a specific
power, seems to originate from productivity and relations of production,
economic base and superstructure the contradiction between. Marx in the "
poverty of philosophy " say in one book: " mill produces is feudal
advocate social, steam rub the industrial capitalist society. " Visible
science and technology as productivity is an important component, it and other
elements together with deciding the productive forces and production relations,
economic basis and superstructure of the paradoxical movement between, rather
than the reverse.
The science and
technology as the direct impetus of social development, the development of the
root causes of where? Obviously, is derived from the needs of the people and
social productivity contradiction movement. It is due to the needs of the
people, to make the generation of science and technology and development, it is
due to the formation and development of social productivity, it fundamentally
decides and restricts the development level of science and technology.
Marx lived in the
class contradiction and class struggle, violent era, labor alienation and needs
alienated phenomenon is serious, the society was almost sick, unstable, the
lives of the working people in affliction. His empathy, the pursuit of life and
the creation of the doctrine of the ultimate goal, is to change the evil social
reality, and fundamentally achieve the social revolution and progress, realize
the whole human especially in distress is proletarian working people 's
Liberation and development. So Marx's classical theory is the product of the
times, some people think that it is a scientific theory of social revolution,
although relatively one-sided, but tell from some kind of meaning is somewhat
reasonable.
Marx emphasizes
productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure of
the contradictory movement is the fundamental driving force of social
development, the purpose is to highlight the class struggle of the direct
motivity of social development, the social change of powerful weapons, it is to
arouse the broad masses of labor, for the sake of their own interests and
struggle, revolution, reform and transform the unreasonable to the old society,
to the liberation of their own, the liberation of all mankind.
This was consistent
with the characteristics of the times of pragmatic theory, in today from the
historical point of view is still a fundamental right. Of course, theory is
needed to develop along with the changing times, the Marx doctrine itself has
the theoretical quality of advancing with the times, continuous development
intrinsic need, so take a scientific attitude to continuously develop and
improve it, is the true to the Marx doctrine.
( three) Marx in the
social contradiction, social turbulent, change shortly, new social form
alternating transition period, he felt more than social stability gradually development
scenarios, but social unrest change scenario.
In him and later
perfected theory of social development law especially the five formation
theory, combined with the viewpoint of the dialectical materialism, social
development should be divided into two periods, namely some kind of social form
within the social stability and gradual development of quantitative change
period, and the transition from the old to the new social form of dramatic
social changes of qualitative change period. In his classic work, Marx due to
the effects of age, inevitably will naturally pay more attention to qualitative
change in period of social transformation, some ignore social quantitative
period gradient development. For example, productivity and relations of
production, economic base and superstructure the contradiction between, just in
the old society of alternating morphology change period, is particularly
outstanding, to social change as the main motive force of development and
promote the social violent mutation. In a society of the social progressive
development period, relations of production must demonstrate basic stability,
suitable for the level of development of productive forces, between
productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure the
contradiction between the motion is not the main motive force of social
development, the development of productivity and the development of the whole
society is mainly rooted in the needs of contradiction between sports and
productivity.
In social evolutionary development of
quantitative change period, human survival and development needs to push
forward the development of social production, and the development of
productivity and promote the need categories and levels increase with the
increase, both and mutual promote, common development. It is their interaction,
promoting the continuous development of productivity, and promote the overall
progress of the whole society. When productivity development to a certain
extent, the original production relations and superstructure consists of basic
suited to basic is not suitable, social development from quantitative period
gradually into the transformation period, social main contradiction from the
original and the contradiction between the need of productivity gradually
transformed into productive forces and production relations, economic basis and
superstructure is contradictory, it is this the social basic contradiction
movement, promoting social significant turnover, the rapid development of human
society.
Four, construct a
scientific dynamic view of social development
From the above points
analysis can see, Marx and later summed up the motive force of social
development theory, especially the fundamental motive force thought,
fundamentally speaking, is scientific and correct, but is also slightly exist
some ambiguities, need further study, an appropriate complement, further
analysis of some more specific. Or from the nature of the dynamic problems.
( a ) the
contradiction movement of nature is the motive force of the development of
Natural dialectics
points out, the law of the unity of opposites is the fundamental law of nature
sports development. The following paper examines this rule in life world and
life world in the different expression.
1, attraction and
repulsion of contradiction is the motive force of the development of world
sports life
In a world of life is
full of attraction and repulsion is the polar opposite to and developed the
contradiction and struggle. Engels pointed out: " all movement exists in
the attractive and repulsive interactions. " Here, attraction and
repulsion mainly refers to the inanimate world things interactions in two
opposed the movement trend of the relation of unity of opposites, is close to
and separation, contraction and expansion, agglomeration and diffusion,
absorption and radiation, combined and divided, fusion and fission and other
special contradiction movement as a generalization of the. Look, Engels is
attracting and exclusion as a life to grasp the basic contradiction of the
world.
Attractive and
repulsive interactions are nonliving world each kind of thing motion of the
source, and in different sports have different performance. From the nature to
the evolution of nature, from elementary particles to the general galaxy, there
are attractive and repulsive contradiction, it is the motive force of the
development of world sports life. Self organization theory points out, through
fluctuation order.
2, biological and
environmental interactions are the dynamics of biological evolution, more
precisely, the biological survival and development needs and biological
conditions and environmental conditions in the contradiction of supply and
demand is the motive force of the development of world sports life
On the dynamics of
biological evolution is the biological causes of evolution, the scientific
community has always been a different view. Baconian rise have the following: (
1) that the dynamics of biological evolution completely in the organism's
internal -- internal cause theory; ( 2) that the dynamics of biological
evolution completely in the external environment -- exogenous theory; ( 3)
believed that evolution is driven by biological and environmental interaction.
The third view, biological evolution occurs in a changing environment and
changes in the biological interactions between. The biological and
environmental interaction, mutual restrict power as a natural selection. This
view with the Materialist Dialectics about the relationship between internal
and external factors of the main point of view is consistent. The basis for
this view to analyze the dynamics of biological evolution problem.
First, the internal
cause is the biological evolution based on heredity and variation, that is the
organism ( adaptation) of the unity of opposites is the biological internal or
according to. The biological evolution process, due to the slight variation
adapt to changes in the environment and are preserved, and in the reproduction
of the next generation time for genetic transformation. So after a history of
accumulation, has finally become a remarkable variation, the final formation of
new species.
Second, external
cause is the biological condition, that is selected is the biological factors
or conditions. Genetic and variation of the internal conflict or internal
cause, only to provide the possibility of biological evolution. To make
evolutionary possibility to become reality, also need external cause, it is the
external environment conditions on the organism of choice. On biological evolution,
environment condition is the natural conditions, so this option is called
natural selection.
Third, adoption of
external causes play a role, the biological evolution of internal and external
causes of interdependency exists between the dialectical relationship. Is
internal and external interaction, thus promoting the biological evolution
continues.
Visible, biological
and environmental interactions are the dynamics of biological evolution. In
addition, from the contradiction movement of nature is the motive force of the
development of point of view, the life world of sports development is the
driving force of attraction and repulsion of contradiction, then life world
sports development namely the dynamics of biological evolution is what kind of
contradiction?
Obviously, biology
and environment is a kind of interaction, the role of which is displayed in the
biological life activities and environmental impact on biology, restriction and
choice. Biological life activities, such as draw on the advantages and avoid
disadvantages, in the final analysis is to meet its survival and development
needs. Can think, the biological survival and development needs, fully embodies
the biological subject, whether there is a survival and development needs, is
living and nonliving matter one of substaintial distinction.
Fundamentally
speaking, the dynamics of biological evolution is supposed to be the biological
survival and development needs and biological conditions and environmental
conditions between the contradictory movement. When some of their biological
genetic variation condition and changing environmental conditions that can
continue to meet the needs of the development of biological survival, can
achieve the biological survival and the development, thus promoting the
continuous evolution of these organisms, whereas the result some species
decline and extinction.
Therefore, the
dynamics of biological evolution can be attributed to the needs and conditions
of contradiction, can also be considered a kind of contradiction of supply and
demand, the biological survival and development needs is "seeking ",
biological conditions and environment conditions are " for ".
( two) the
fundamental driving force of social development issues
Society is formed by
people, who is beyond the animal, man is the only known through labor practice
transformation of natural social environment to meet their needs, creating and
developing their own high-level wisdom life. Whether through labor relations
conscious practice transforms using the natural social environment to meet
their needs, create and develop their own, is the essential difference between
man and other organisms. Like any other living thing, all kinds of human
activities and form a society's basic goal, first of all is to meet their own
survival and development needs, although the two need to have substaintial
distinction. So the social formation and development purposes, in the final
analysis, is to meet human survival and development needs, explore the
fundamental driving force of social development issues, can not consider the
person's need.
In fact, combined
with the previous analysis, society and its main contradiction, also should be
a kind of contradiction of supply and demand, namely the need of people and
social productivity ( ask ) ( for ) the contradiction between. General
biological need to reflect the natural directly underlying the dependence on
natural resources, is the immediate needs of biological evolution, the
contradiction of supply and demand is needed and the contradiction between the
natural living conditions. While people need is for oneself through practice of
labor natural transformation results needs, human labor practice is carried out
in society, forming a certain social productivity. People need to be fundamentally
embodies the nature of indirect dependencies and people to the society the
direct dependent relation of social productive forces, fully embodies the
social transformation in nature use relations, social contradiction of supply
and demand embodies a concentrated reflection of the contradiction between the
need and productivity. Need and productivity paradox was fundamentally the
human, nature and society are closely linked, so is the fundamental driving
force of social development is an important part of.
In addition, the
fundamental driving force of social development cannot leave the social
structure to talk, productivity and relations of production, the contradiction
of economic base and superstructure constitutes the basic structure of the society,
and formed the basis of this particular form of society. These two pairs of
contradiction is distinguished from other forms of social movement the special
contradiction and special essence, decides the social nature and appearance,
they through the human society always, so its movement rule is the basic rule
that the society develops, decided the direction of social development, is the
fundamental driving force of social development.
Thus it can be seen,
the fundamental driving force of social development is the social basic
contradiction movement, the basic social contradiction including social main
body namely the need of people and social productivity the contradiction
between, social productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure
can be generalized as the contradiction, need and productivity, productivity
and relations of production, economy the contradiction between the foundation
and the superstructure.
When the society in a
stable development period, the social basic contradiction of the contradiction
between the need and the productivity is the main contradiction of society;
when the society is in the period of dramatic changes, social basic
contradiction of productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure
is the contradiction between social main contradiction. Thus, the driving force
of social development theory and the specific practice of social progress will
be closely linked, so that the existing theory about different social forms and
different social stages of the social basic contradiction and main
contradiction views a good unity. For example, from now on, at the present
stage in
( three) the
scientific social development power point and the objective laws of social
development
In Marx's theory of
social development, the driving force of social development theory and the objective
laws of social development the traditional formulation is: productivity is the
ultimate decisive force of social development; productivity decides relations
of production, economic base determines the superstructure; productivity and
relations of production, the contradiction of economic base and superstructure
movement led to social change, thereby promoting social development; material
mode of production and social development is the ultimate decisive factor,
which determines the economic life, political life, culture life, social life;
human society from elementary to advanced development, has experienced the
primitive society, the slave society, feudal society, capitalism capitalist
society is social, and finally a confrontational social system, it will be the
future of the new regime is replaced by.
Obviously, this
treatise slightly careless, only emphasized the dramatic social changes during
the period of social patterns of alternating issues, while ignoring the social
stable development period of social forms of internal problems. The scientific
social development power point and the objective laws of social development
should mainly include the following contents.
Need of people is the
motive power of social development, to satisfy the needs of the development of
social productivity lead generation and ceaseless development, and the level of
development of productive forces and stipulate and restrict the quality level
of need and volume level, need and productivity have between each other to promote
interaction between. Need itself has the nature of objectivity, required for
the performance of people's consciousness of category, productivity belongs to
social category from the objective material base, belonging to the society,
social existence determines social consciousness, so fundamentally,
productivity decides the quality level of need and the volume of the extent,
determines the need of development and meet the degree. The emergence and
development of productivity leads to the corresponding production relations and
superstructure of the formation and development, productivity is the ultimate
decisive force of social development. Need to produce productivity,
productivity decides relations of production, economic base determines the
superstructure. Need and productivity, productivity and relations of
production, economic base and superstructure dialectical contradiction between
movement led to the gradual progress of social form and society between the
turnover, so as to promote the continuous development of society.
The fundamental
driving force of social development is the social basic contradiction movement,
the basic social contradiction is required with productivity, productivity and
relations of production, economic base and superstructure of contradiction
between; when the society is in a particular form of society 's stable
development gradually change period, the social basic contradiction of the
contradiction between the need and the productivity of society the main
contradiction with productivity, need contradiction movement of promoting the
continuous development of productivity, and the gradual progress of society;
when the productivity development to a certain extent, including the various
factors inducing and promoting, cases like sailing, commercial exchanges and
enlargement of scope of activities, such as the Barbarian Invasion and plunder,
population quantity, quality, structure change and migration, natural and
social conditions of the inherent influence and change development, natural
disasters, man-made disaster and economic crisis of society, the progress of
science and technology, social ideology in the field of ideology, the cultural
idea promotion and innovation development, corruption decline of political rule
and poor economic and social status, the majority of people's tragic life
situation, new production relations and the political pattern of births
Production and development, class struggle and social revolutionary
consciousness and actions and so on, the original production relations and
superstructure can no longer adapt or even is due in part to being generally
feel can no longer meet the level of development of productive forces, which
are not suitable for the property of productivity and development demand, can
satisfy people's needs and expectations, social the basic contradiction of the
principal contradiction, may need and productivity by the contradiction between
productivity and relations of production, rise to the economic base and
superstructure in the old and new social contradiction, the social form
alternating acuteness change change period, the social basic contradiction of
productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure.
Contradictions pushed society significant turnover.
Material mode of
production and social development is the ultimate decisive factor, which
determines the economic life, political life, culture life, social life; human
society from elementary to advanced development, has experienced the primitive
society, the slave society, feudal society, capitalist society, capitalist
society is the last a confrontational social system, this system led to the
social life of the people of labor alienation and alienation, it will be the
future of the new regime is replaced by.
The future society
should be based on the actual productivity of material of moderately prosperous
society. It should be able to realize the human labor and discarding the needs
alienated, can give full play to people's ability, fully meet the needs of the people,
fully promote people's all-round and free development. There, the free
development of each is the condition for the free development of all people.
This society, is to let each person do his best, distribution according to need
of the Communist society!
This new theory, it can help people
understand the world communist movement in practice of successful experience
and failure lesson, understand why Marx s theory classical theory guiding the
Communist revolution often succeed, and copy the guidance of socialist
construction is often there will be some deviation reasons; to help people
further understanding of the capitalist internal spontaneous operation
mechanism, to understand their motives for the development and the trend of
development; it is helpful for better understanding the profound connotation of
Marx theory, more firm belief and adhere to the Marx doctrine, constantly
developing the Marx doctrine; helps to summarize the Chinese Communist movement
practice the successful experience of revolution and construction, better and
more thorough understanding of Marx's Chinese theory of Marx's classical theory
for the further development and improvement, more firmly to the persistence and
development of Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important
thought of "Three Represents", comprehend deeply, comprehensively
implement the scientific outlook on development.
In five, ending
As already mentioned,
the motive force of the development of things, from the two aspects of internal
and external factors. The internal cause is the thing development according to
external things, is the development, adoption of external causes play a role,
the internal and external interdependency exists between the dialectical
relationship. It is both by common action, promote the development of things.
In this paper, take
the fundamental driving force of social development is attributed to the social
basic contradiction movement, namely the need and productivity, productivity
and relations of production, economic base and superstructure the contradiction
between, these contradiction just human, society and nature from go up at all
closely linked, highlights the human subjectivity, embodies the internal and
external causes of the dialectical relations, and their interaction
characteristic, accurately grasp the objective law of social development, is a
scientific dynamic view of social development.
This article
highlights the need for function and status, the purpose is to emphasize the
society is made up of people, society is a society of people, people is the
main body of the society, people is the purpose, conscious of the most advanced
intelligent creatures, the human practice basic purpose is to satisfy the first
survival and development needs. The need for biological terms, for the people,
the sense is very great. It is as natural to create certain biological
conditions, can continue to meet and develop biological survival and
development needs, to make biological constant evolution, the final evolution
of understand that by working practice and meet their needs, creating and
developing their own people. It is because with the development of social
productivity, the main body of the society of human survival and development
needs to be continued to meet and improve, which makes the social sustainable
progress.
Human survival and
development needs of origin in general biological survival and development
needs, there are essential differences. Marx points out, the general biological
needs only need to survive ( its development needs is through long-term genetic
variation and passive meet ), but as a man needs to survive, and development
needs. People's survival needs is to maintain human life organism normal
operation needs, including physiological and safety needs; development is
established in the survival needs based on the pursuit of self-perfection,
beyond the high demand, it make the person needs to extend beyond the animal
level, is one of the important attributes, including the need for labor,
contacts, participation in the needs of basic necessities of life, with
decorative collection of various physical conditions and leisure tourism, enjoy
need, entertainment fitness needs, life and life quality needs, neat order,
loyalty credit needs, self-examination of self-discipline, self-reliance needs,
independent and strong need, physical and mental health education to optimize
the needs, concerns the curious needs, hopes to need, humorous, friendly and
accommodating needs, communication, belonging, love with respect to such
emotional needs, knowledge, aesthetic, moral and belief and cultural needs,
collecting effective information needs, the quality and quantity of high
efficiency work and analysis to solve the problem, a comprehensive development
and professional development need, appreciate, display, improve oneself And
others personality, strength and talent needs, noble Hyunah needs, good access
needs, folk custom, into the people's needs, self-actualization needs,
confidant requiring interaction, cooperation and win-win, create the need for
innovation, charity relief needs, responsibilities to need, tenacious struggle
of the need, the need for success and achievement, to struggle together,
contributing to society 's needs, the pursuit of freedom, justice, equality, democracy
and truth needs of justice, civilized progress need, scientific and sustainable
diversified development, biodiversity, human, society and natural harmony
needs, etc.. General biological needs with the unconscious spontaneous
biological feature, satisfy the way is to rely on natural resources of direct
supply; and the human survival and development needs is a conscious awareness
of the social characteristics, which is the main way to meet on its own natural
conditions of the socialization of labor practice reform implementation.
Therefore, from the angle of need, is a natural choice of the people; from the
need to satisfy the way perspective, is working to create a person. Because of
the need to be realistic requirements reflect, so people's social practice with
respect to need, have more fundamental significance.
Human needs can be
divided into material and spiritual needs, and needs lower need advanced,
practical need and ideal, the current needs and future needs, directly and
indirectly to the needs of the work of production and living needs, learning
needs, the need for and luxury, one needs, collective needs and social needs.
Because the person is composed of biological populations evolved, people form a
society can enhance the labor efficiency, better meet the needs, so people have
also meant that the generation of human society. In the development process of
human society, people's alienation of labor and alienation is the social life
two big problems. In the initial stage of social development, people working
together, sharing the fruits of labor in order to meet the need, the labor and
needed in the equalization development period. With the continuous development
of society, the social division of labor and the various aspects of the
differentiation has been continuously strengthened, labor and the need for
unbalanced development tendency. Some people began to occupy a portion of
another person's labor, lead to the alienation of labor, people to satisfy the
need of conflict of interest, and as a result of the interest struggle,
exchange, cooperation, promote private ownership, the generation of system of
ownership and class and class phenomenon formation; a part of human need
expansion, suppress or even deprived of another part person reasonable survival
and development needs, or of some low-level needs and false need excessive
swelling, inhibiting even deprived of their other needs, or the human survival
and the development needs of the excessive expansion, manifested as excessive
proliferation and excessive activity, too much inhibition even deprived of
other biological survival and development needs, make a large number of species
decline and extinction ( if it's not to be restricted to the words, will not
conducive to the sustainable development of the society, or even lead to
endanger human oneself basic survival issues), leading to alienation. For
example, the ancient living body and court eunuch slave phenomenon, autocracy
and ethnic cleansing, and the excessive human reproduction and excessive activity
caused by the large number of species extinction phenomenon and so on, is the
need for extreme alienation performance. Chinese Confucianism emphasizes, deny
self and return to propriety, do not do to others, can also be extended
further, that is tailored to the needs of alienation phenomenon of the. In
Marx's view, the capitalist system that requires the occurrence of alienation,
as needed for rough, and tools and other.
To solve this social
problem, heal the social conditions, Marx aimed specifically at capitalist
society, made the following prescription. He points out, labor and the need of
alienation in exploitation of oppressed people unreasonable private ownership
society system, to realize the labor and the need of discarding the alienation,
we must change the old private ownership society system, establish a exploit
without compression of the public ownership of the means of production in the
Communist society, and the need for labor equilibrium, equality and diversity
development creates a condition, implementation is collective and rich, final
implementation of human liberation and human 's free and overall development.
It is based on this consideration, Marx was combined with the actual situation
of social development, highlight the productivity and relations of production,
economic base and superstructure of the basic contradiction of society, is the
fundamental driving force of social development, emphasis on class struggle is
the direct motivity of social development, is a powerful weapon for the
dramatic social changes.
In view of this,
Marx's social development power theory especially the fundamental power of
thought, is in the human alienation phenomenon serious morbid society under the
particular historical background is presented, with a clear time real specific
aim, with strong historical sense, a certain practical significance and
far-reaching significance. In this respect too picky and criticism, is not
fair, is of no significance. Marx's profound system reveals the nature of the problem,
open, scientific thought theory system.
Of course, some
scholars have put forward some valuable advice. For example, the social coarse
into morbid society and healthy society two kinds of circumstances, that
pathological society we must identify the etiology, an antidote against the
disease; and a healthy society, its mode of operation is generally socialized
production, namely cooperation value, create social wealth, and mainly through
the exchange of equal value, realize resource and wealth configuration, meet
the reasonable needs of various social groups, play their proper role.
The health society
and social point of view, although is not scientific, but with the social
change and qualitative change during the period the notion that there is a
little bit closer to the. In social life, will more or less appear various
kinds of unreasonable phenomenon, such as the social resources and wealth of
private monopoly and consumes a large amount of waste phenomenon, a tiny
population especially the excessive phenomenon, the value of cooperation
occupation value phenomenon, non equivalence exchange phenomenon, a large gap
between rich and poor phenomenon, the phenomenon of unbalance of supply and
demand, the universality of the hunger, poverty, slavery tyranny phenomenon, no
sense of order, without government control under the condition of chaos
phenomenon, harm to others and social phenomenon of excessive egoism, power
violations, hit, hit, rob, fried, burning, killing and other pathological
disorder disruptive phenomenon, embezzlement, warlordism, plunder extreme
turbulence phenomena such as chaos caused by war, does not respect human
rights, cruelly harms the life phenomenon, biological species extinctions
phenomenon, ecological system and ecological environment destruction
phenomenon, social negative, morbid thoughts overflowing phenomenon, as well as
other social economy, politics, culture consciousness in the field of
pathological phenomenon and so on. To roughly distinguish between morbid
society and healthy society is generally required, as the phenomenon of the
circumstances; to solve all kinds of social problems, it is necessary to find
out the essential reason, fundamentally and promote social progress. Obviously,
the development of Marx's pointed out the direction for us.
The quantitative
change and qualitative change of social development during the period, only a
rough division, will take a comprehensive view of dialectical development, can
not be one-sided mechanical evaluation. Quantitative period may have some
obvious stages, local change, qualitative change period may also have a certain
range, transient and steady development process.
In this paper, need
and productivity, productivity and relations of production, economic base and
superstructure is the contradiction of the basic social contradictions, the
contradictions can not be separated, their internal and mutual between have a
perplexing Association, are closely linked, organic unity, they interact and
promote each other, together as the fundamental driving force of social
development to impel social development. For example, the contradiction between
the need and productivity promotes the development of productivity, the
development of productive forces and production relations and superstructure
caused the changes and progress, and then reverse effects on productivity, make
productivity and the need for further development, thereby promoting social
progress. However, the true understanding of Marx's person to know, this must
not only be formulaic, absolute rule of dogma, must be aimed at actual
condition to undertake concrete analysis and grasp of seek truth from facts,
treat.
This article
highlights the need to function in society, and the position of the main body,
and further demonstrates the people-oriented scientific development concept
correctly. Constructing the dynamic view of social development under the
guidance of scientific outlook on development, as an important inference
results, helps people to further deepen the scientific outlook on development
system to understand and grasp, to further establish and implement the
scientific outlook on development.
This article
emphasizes the main social development is the underlying impetus mechanism,
human beings because of self consciousness, must have autonomy and creativity,
human innovation and transformation to promote the rapid development of
society. The innovative motive force theory and reform motive power points out,
innovation and Reform for the development of society has powerful function. In
addition, social development is extremely complex, a variety of factors, to any
kind of element absolutely or infinite praises are absurd.
The more people a
clear understanding of the needs and productivity, productivity and relations
of production, economic base and superstructure is the contradiction between
the basic contradiction of the development of social operation, more is to
clear the discovery of human social practice the correct direction. The modern
scientific and technological progress and industrial development, promote the
overall progress of the whole society, the wealth of society has great
enrichment and extension, the labor of people creative ability has been a
considerable degree of exercise and the enhancement, people s needs have a
considerable degree of satisfaction and development. At the same time, the
socialization that Victoria following the various natural resources, such as
fossil energy, water, land and some mineral material resources, gradually will
show moderate the restrictive utilization situation. In addition, there are a
variety of attendant environmental problems, hunger, disease, poverty, natural
disasters, man-made disaster, crisis, war and other economic and social
problems, and psychological problems. People on the one hand to seek to develop
corresponding complementary alternative energy and resources, on the other
hand, to further efforts to optimize the social production mode of
communication and reducing the population control, promote economic development
mode, daily life way and the thinking mode of human beings, change, further
strengthen economic and social education, management, construction, hard
forming benign dialogue interaction mechanism, actively to strengthen all
aspects of the exchanges and cooperation, gradually guide, to establish a fair
and reasonable international political, economic and cultural and other new
order, a common response to emerging various difficulties and challenges, share
development opportunities, common development and progress. Obviously, the
needs of the people shall be adjusted correspondingly improved, gradually from
the emphasis on material needs to appropriate material need and spiritual need
of rich development direction. People are firmly establish suitable material home
and green ecological home at the same time, it will be hitherto unknown
together, together constitute a beautiful, colorful spiritual home! On this
earth homeland, no war and turmoil, no invasion and damage, no exploitation and
oppression, no hunger and poverty, not greed, tyranny, slavery pathological
imbalance and injustice, without too much hate, false, ugly, evil, trouble and
tragedy; some are full of friendship and peace, some is a mutual love and
respect, there is real freedom, justice, equality and democracy, some proper
creation, innovation, prosperity and civilization, some scientific nature full
of biodiversity and cultural diversity, there are more and more love, truth,
goodness, beauty, joy and happiness.
In short, the society is made up of people of
complex organisms, social basic contradiction movement as the fundamental
driving force of social development promotes the progress of human society.
With the development of society, people can gradually gets more play and
improve, people gradually get better meet the need with development, mankind
will be more arousal, realize person, society and natural harmony.
Reference.
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[2]Pang Yuanzheng: Contemporary Chinese scientific concept of development [M],
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[4]Marx and Engels, Selected Works,
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